The Emperical Analysis of Family Maintenance Dynamics in Fiqh Munākaḥāt: A Socio-Legal Study of Muslim Families in Pekanbaru
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Abstract
This study aims to analyze the dynamics of livelihood practices in Muslim families in Pekanbaru City and explain the relationship between the norms of fiqh munakahat and social reality through a socio legal approach. The study used a qualitative method with data collection techniques including in depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The results show that livelihood practices in Muslim families are dynamic and divided into three main patterns: normative, collaborative, and collective. Economic factors are the main determinant driving changes in livelihood practices, especially in the context of the pressures of life’s needs in urban areas. Meanwhile, educational and social factors play a role in shaping perspectives and relationship patterns within the family. These findings indicate that livelihood practices are the result of the interaction between fiqh norms and social reality. Conceptually, this study confirms that fiqh munakahat has an adaptive capacity to respond to social change through the principles of justice, benefit, and propriety. Therefore, variations in maintenance practices cannot be understood as deviations, but rather as a contextualization of sharia values in contemporary Muslim family life. This research contributes to the development of Islamic family law studies that are more contextual, empirical, and responsive to social dynamics.
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Hikmatullah, Hikmatullah, and Abdul Talib Bon. “The Emperical Analysis of Family Maintenance Dynamics in Fiqh Munākaḥāt: A Socio-Legal Study of Muslim Families in Pekanbaru”. Islamica: Jurnal Studi Keislaman 20, no. 2 (April 16, 2026): 265-285. Accessed April 17, 2026. https://islamica.uinsa.ac.id/index.php/islamica/article/view/1261.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
References
1. Books, academic articles, online resources
Amalia, Shania, and Siti Mas’udah. “Negosiasi Pada Keluarga Campuran: Studi Tentang Keluarga Tiri.” Sosioglobal: Jurnal Pemikiran dan Penelitian Sosiologi 8, no. 1 (2023): 1-15. https://doi.org/10.24198/jsg.v8i1.37500
Amanulah, Yasid, Hari Widiyanto, and Muhammad Mustahal. “Analisis Kedudukan Istri sebagai Pencari Nafkah Utama: Telaah dalam Perspektif Kompilasi Hukum Islam dan Maslahah Mursalah.” El-Faqih: Jurnal Pemikiran dan Hukum Islam 11, no. 2 (2025): 364-379. https://ejournal.iaifa.ac.id/index.php/faqih/article/download/1974/1475.
Ardiansyah, Fajri. “Ketimpangan Penghasilan dalam Rumah Tangga dan Implikasinya terhadap Pembangunan Keluarga Sakinah: Studi Empiris di Kecamatan Banjar Agung.” Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis 6, no. 6 (2025). https://doi.org/10.56370/jhlg.v6i6.1495
Arif, Zahra Zaini. “Peran Ganda Perempuan dalam Keluarga Pespektif Feminis Muslim Indonesia.” Indonesian Journal of Islamic Law 1, no. 2 (2018): 97-126. https://doi.org/10.35719/ijil.v1i2.195
Creswell, John W. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. 4th ed. London: SAGE Publications Ltd., 2022.
Dihati, Hasrat. “Pemahaman Masyarakat Teluk Nibung Tentang Kewajiban Nafkah dalam Rumah Tangga Perspektif Hukum Islam.” Al-Sulthaniyah 15, no. 1 (2026): 74–87.
Faishol, Imam. “Tinjauan Hukum Islam terhadap Istri yang Mencari Nafkah dalam Keadaan Darurat.” Jurnal Keislaman 5, no. 2 (2022): 153-166. https://doi.org/10.54298/jk.v5i2.3428
Ferdiansyah, Muhammad Ichsan, Triadi Wicaksono, and Lismawati. “Nafkah Istri dalam Perspektif Kesetaraan Gender: Analisis Kritis dengan Pendekatan Maqashid Syariah.” Usrah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam 6, no. 4 (2025): 509-523. https://doi.org/10.46773/usrah.v6i4.2629
Handayani, Lilis. “Peran Istri sebagai Pencari Nafkah Utama Perspektif Hukum Islam.” PRIMER: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin 1, no. 1 (2023): 9-15. https://doi.org/10.55681/primer.v1i1.24
Hardianti, and Nurchaliq Majid. “Rekonstruksi Konsep Nafkah dalam Hukum Keluarga Islam: Perspektif Gender dan Otonomi Perempuan.” Usrah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam 6, no. 3 (2025): 68-82. https://doi.org/10.46773/usrah.v6i3.1908
Hidayati, Tri Wahyu, Ulfah Susilawati, and Endang Sriani. “Dynamics of Family Fiqh: The Multiple Roles of Women in Realizing Family Resilience.” Ijtihad: Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam dan Kemanusiaan 22, no. 2 (2022): 219-238. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijtihad.v22i2.219-238
Husniyati, Dwi, Ridho Abdillah, Ahsin Shidqi, Husnaini Amiroh, Rendi Rendi, and Luthfan Tri Mukti. “Rekonstruksi Kewajiban Nafkah dalam Rumah Tangga: Analisis Yuridis Normatif Terhadap Peran Istri sebagai Pencari Nafkah dalam Hukum Islam.” Journal of Legal, Political, and Humanistic Inquiry 1, no. 3 (2026): 187-196. https://doi.org/10.65310/enkyvd32
Imamia, Qonita, and Syaifatul Jannah. “Peran Gender dalam Pembagian Tugas Rumah Tangga Perspektif Konseling Feminis di Desa Polagan Kecamatan Sampang Kabupaten Sampang.” Kabillah 9, no. 1 (2024): 379-389. https://ejournal.iainata.ac.id/index.php/kabilah/article/view/365
Irfandi, Muhammad Sholeh Zuhdi. “Transformasi Peran Suami-Istri dalam Keluarga Modern: Evaluasi terhadap Keselarasan dengan Konsep Pernikahan Islam.” Global Research and Innovation Journal 2, no. 1 (2026), 246-255. https://journaledutech.com/index.php/great/article/view/963
Jamilah, Fitrotin. “Dampak Perubahan Sosial terhadap Praktik Poligami di Masyarakat Modern: Tinjauan Hukum Keluarga Islam.” Al-’Adalah: Jurnal Syariah dan Hukum Islam 9, no. 1 (2024): 167-177. https://doi.org/10.31538/adlh.v9i1.6546
Komariah, Aan and Djam’an Satori. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: Alfabeta, 2023.
Ma’arif, Toha. “Relevansi Konsep Nafkah dalam Hukum Keluarga Islam Terhadap Dinamika Kehidupan Modern.” Al Fuadiy: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam 7, no. 2 (2025): 96-109. https://ejournal.alfuadiy.ac.id/index.php/jhki/article/view/xxx
Miranti, Riyana, Eny Sulistyaningrum, and Tri Mulyaningsih. “Women’s Roles in the Indonesian Economy during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Understanding the Challenges and Opportunities.” Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 58, no. 2 (2022), 109-139. https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2022.2105681
Moleong, Lexy J. “Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif, Edisi Revisi. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya, 2011.
Musyarofah, Mustafidatul. “Peran Istri dalam Ekonomi Keluarga Perspektif Hukum Islam: Studi Kasus di Desa Tengguli Kecamatan Bangsri Kabupaten Jepara.” SAMAWA: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam 4, no. 1 (2024): 41-48. https://doi.org/10.53948/samawa.v4i1.98
Najih, Ahmad Abi, Muhaiminah Darajat, and Slamet. “Pendidikan Keluarga Dalam Islam: Tinjauan Tradisi, Hukum, dan Realitas Sosial Kontemporer Melalui Studi Literatur Kualitatif.” Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia: Teori, Penelitian, dan Inovasi 5, no. 2 (2025). https://jurnal.penerbitwidina.com/index.php/JPI/article/view/1419
Nazar, Haura Salsabiela El Sabrina, Fitriatus Shalihah, Muhammad Royhan Assaiq, Muhammad Ilham Najih, and Ahmad Rezy Meidina. “Negotiating Gender Roles: The Shift of Wives Role as the Main Breadwinners in Wijirejo Village, Indonesia.” YUDISIA: Jurnal Pemikiran Hukum dan Hukum Islam 16, no. 2 (2025): 215-236. http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/yudisia.v16i2.28517
Nofiyanti, Tike Putri, Husni Kamaludin, and St. Umrah. “Kewajiban Nafkah dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam dan Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan.” Muadalah: Jurnal Hukum 2, no. 2 (2022): 161-170. https://doi.org/10.47945/muadalah.v2i2.761
Pribadi, Muhammad Shidqi, and Teguh Dwi Cahyadi. “Peran Istri sebagai Pencari Nafkah dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam.” Hakam: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam dan Hukum Ekonomi 9, no. 2 (2025): 195-211. https://doi.org/10.33650/jhi.v9i2.11992
Rahmatillah, Nor Annisa, and Ahmad. “The Application of Iddah Maintenance for a Nusyuz Wife in Religious Court Verdicts.” Al-Mujtahid: Journal of Islamic Family Law 5, no. 1 (2025): 64-71. http://dx.doi.org/10.30984/ajifl.v5i1.3710
Ramadhanisa, Meiyu Syahri, Arisman, and Muhammad Darwis. “Pemenuhan Nafkah terhadap Anak oleh Single Parent Perspektif Sosiologi Hukum Islam: Studi pada Masyarakat Bangkinang Kota.” Takuana: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sains, dan Humaniora 4, no. 2 (2025): 334-346. https://doi.org/10.56113/takuana.v4i2.161
Rofiq, Khoirun Nisa’ Binti Moch. “Peran Istri Sebagai Pencari Nafkah Dalam Perspektif Maqashid Syariah.” Minhaj: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah 6, no. 2 (2025): 250-264. https://doi.org/10.52431/minhaj.v6i2.3891
Romadhoni, Pratiwi Uly, Nadila Putri Pramesti, and Muhamad Sofian. “Dinamika Pembagian Peran Gender dan Kewajiban Nafkah dalam Keluarga Muslim Modern,” Prosiding Hukum Keluarga Islam (2025): 14-26. https://prosiding.stdiis.ac.id/index.php/hki/article/view/69.
Sagita, Insharie Amarylis, Rohmah Maulidia, and Lukman Santoso. “Repositioning Wives’ Roles in Urban Households: Social Support, Dual Burdens, and the Negotiation of Family Resilience.” Sakina: Journal of Family Studies 9, no. 4 (2025): 371-391. https://doi.org/10.18860/jfs.v9i4.19644
Sebyar, Muhamad Hasan, Anisa Anisa, Hadi Asrori, Sukiati Sukiati, and Moh Buny Andaru Bahy. “Revitalising Maskan during ʿIddah: A Fiqh Analysis of Contemporary Post-Divorce Challenges in Indonesia.” MILRev: Metro Islamic Law Review 5, no. 1 (2026): 150-177. https://doi.org/10.32332/milrev.v5i1.11534
Sugiyono. Metodologi Penelitian Kuantitatif. Bandung: Alfabeta, 2017.
Sukirman, Asrianti, Oyo Sunaryo Mukhlas, and Aden Rosadi. “Islamic Judicial Activism in Determining Child Maintenance.” Al-Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum Islam 10, no. 2 (2025): 671-699. https://doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v10i2.XXXX
Sutabri, Ahmad Gofur. “Kedudukan Nafkah dalam Hukum Keluarga Islam: Antara Tanggung Jawab dan Realitas Sosial,” Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam El-Qisth 8, no. 01 (2025): 32-38. https://doi.org/10.47759/zcje8g90
Syafitri, Nadya, Ramdani, and Ramziati. “Tanggung Jawab Nafkah Keluarga dari Istri Bekerja Menurut KHI.” Suloh: Jurnal Fakultas Hukum Universitas Malikussaleh 10, no. 2 (2022): 313-339. https://doi.org/10.29103/sjp.v10i2.5992
Thubany, Syamsul Hadi. “Pengaruh Pendidikan terhadap Kehidupan Keluarga.” Jurnal Sosiologi Reflektif 8, no. 1 (2023): 237-267. https://ejournal.uin-suka.ac.id/isoshum/index.php/sosiologireflektif/article/view/1086
Umar, Fazlon. “Pandangan Hukum Islam Tentang Peran Istri dalam Mencari Nafkah.” Ameena Journal 2 no. 3 (2024): 269-279. https://doi.org/10.63732/aij.v2i3.69
Yasin, Ahmad Alamuddin. Transformasi Nafkah Keluarga Muslim Dalam Perspektif Maqashid Syariah. CV Brimedia Global, 2024.
2. Interviews
I1, a wife, 33 years old, housewife
I2, a wife, 35 years old, private employee
I3, a wife, 37 years old, teacher
I4, a wife, 32 years old, trader
I5, a wife, 34 years old, civil servant
I6, a wife, 30 years old, professional (private)
S1, a husband, 35 years old, private employee
S2, a husband, 40 years old, trader
S3, a husband, 38 years old, daily laborer
S4, a husband, 42 years old, self-employed
S5, a husband, 36 years old, civil servant
S6, a husband, 34 years old, professional (private)
Amalia, Shania, and Siti Mas’udah. “Negosiasi Pada Keluarga Campuran: Studi Tentang Keluarga Tiri.” Sosioglobal: Jurnal Pemikiran dan Penelitian Sosiologi 8, no. 1 (2023): 1-15. https://doi.org/10.24198/jsg.v8i1.37500
Amanulah, Yasid, Hari Widiyanto, and Muhammad Mustahal. “Analisis Kedudukan Istri sebagai Pencari Nafkah Utama: Telaah dalam Perspektif Kompilasi Hukum Islam dan Maslahah Mursalah.” El-Faqih: Jurnal Pemikiran dan Hukum Islam 11, no. 2 (2025): 364-379. https://ejournal.iaifa.ac.id/index.php/faqih/article/download/1974/1475.
Ardiansyah, Fajri. “Ketimpangan Penghasilan dalam Rumah Tangga dan Implikasinya terhadap Pembangunan Keluarga Sakinah: Studi Empiris di Kecamatan Banjar Agung.” Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis 6, no. 6 (2025). https://doi.org/10.56370/jhlg.v6i6.1495
Arif, Zahra Zaini. “Peran Ganda Perempuan dalam Keluarga Pespektif Feminis Muslim Indonesia.” Indonesian Journal of Islamic Law 1, no. 2 (2018): 97-126. https://doi.org/10.35719/ijil.v1i2.195
Creswell, John W. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. 4th ed. London: SAGE Publications Ltd., 2022.
Dihati, Hasrat. “Pemahaman Masyarakat Teluk Nibung Tentang Kewajiban Nafkah dalam Rumah Tangga Perspektif Hukum Islam.” Al-Sulthaniyah 15, no. 1 (2026): 74–87.
Faishol, Imam. “Tinjauan Hukum Islam terhadap Istri yang Mencari Nafkah dalam Keadaan Darurat.” Jurnal Keislaman 5, no. 2 (2022): 153-166. https://doi.org/10.54298/jk.v5i2.3428
Ferdiansyah, Muhammad Ichsan, Triadi Wicaksono, and Lismawati. “Nafkah Istri dalam Perspektif Kesetaraan Gender: Analisis Kritis dengan Pendekatan Maqashid Syariah.” Usrah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam 6, no. 4 (2025): 509-523. https://doi.org/10.46773/usrah.v6i4.2629
Handayani, Lilis. “Peran Istri sebagai Pencari Nafkah Utama Perspektif Hukum Islam.” PRIMER: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin 1, no. 1 (2023): 9-15. https://doi.org/10.55681/primer.v1i1.24
Hardianti, and Nurchaliq Majid. “Rekonstruksi Konsep Nafkah dalam Hukum Keluarga Islam: Perspektif Gender dan Otonomi Perempuan.” Usrah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam 6, no. 3 (2025): 68-82. https://doi.org/10.46773/usrah.v6i3.1908
Hidayati, Tri Wahyu, Ulfah Susilawati, and Endang Sriani. “Dynamics of Family Fiqh: The Multiple Roles of Women in Realizing Family Resilience.” Ijtihad: Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam dan Kemanusiaan 22, no. 2 (2022): 219-238. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijtihad.v22i2.219-238
Husniyati, Dwi, Ridho Abdillah, Ahsin Shidqi, Husnaini Amiroh, Rendi Rendi, and Luthfan Tri Mukti. “Rekonstruksi Kewajiban Nafkah dalam Rumah Tangga: Analisis Yuridis Normatif Terhadap Peran Istri sebagai Pencari Nafkah dalam Hukum Islam.” Journal of Legal, Political, and Humanistic Inquiry 1, no. 3 (2026): 187-196. https://doi.org/10.65310/enkyvd32
Imamia, Qonita, and Syaifatul Jannah. “Peran Gender dalam Pembagian Tugas Rumah Tangga Perspektif Konseling Feminis di Desa Polagan Kecamatan Sampang Kabupaten Sampang.” Kabillah 9, no. 1 (2024): 379-389. https://ejournal.iainata.ac.id/index.php/kabilah/article/view/365
Irfandi, Muhammad Sholeh Zuhdi. “Transformasi Peran Suami-Istri dalam Keluarga Modern: Evaluasi terhadap Keselarasan dengan Konsep Pernikahan Islam.” Global Research and Innovation Journal 2, no. 1 (2026), 246-255. https://journaledutech.com/index.php/great/article/view/963
Jamilah, Fitrotin. “Dampak Perubahan Sosial terhadap Praktik Poligami di Masyarakat Modern: Tinjauan Hukum Keluarga Islam.” Al-’Adalah: Jurnal Syariah dan Hukum Islam 9, no. 1 (2024): 167-177. https://doi.org/10.31538/adlh.v9i1.6546
Komariah, Aan and Djam’an Satori. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: Alfabeta, 2023.
Ma’arif, Toha. “Relevansi Konsep Nafkah dalam Hukum Keluarga Islam Terhadap Dinamika Kehidupan Modern.” Al Fuadiy: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam 7, no. 2 (2025): 96-109. https://ejournal.alfuadiy.ac.id/index.php/jhki/article/view/xxx
Miranti, Riyana, Eny Sulistyaningrum, and Tri Mulyaningsih. “Women’s Roles in the Indonesian Economy during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Understanding the Challenges and Opportunities.” Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 58, no. 2 (2022), 109-139. https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2022.2105681
Moleong, Lexy J. “Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif, Edisi Revisi. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya, 2011.
Musyarofah, Mustafidatul. “Peran Istri dalam Ekonomi Keluarga Perspektif Hukum Islam: Studi Kasus di Desa Tengguli Kecamatan Bangsri Kabupaten Jepara.” SAMAWA: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam 4, no. 1 (2024): 41-48. https://doi.org/10.53948/samawa.v4i1.98
Najih, Ahmad Abi, Muhaiminah Darajat, and Slamet. “Pendidikan Keluarga Dalam Islam: Tinjauan Tradisi, Hukum, dan Realitas Sosial Kontemporer Melalui Studi Literatur Kualitatif.” Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia: Teori, Penelitian, dan Inovasi 5, no. 2 (2025). https://jurnal.penerbitwidina.com/index.php/JPI/article/view/1419
Nazar, Haura Salsabiela El Sabrina, Fitriatus Shalihah, Muhammad Royhan Assaiq, Muhammad Ilham Najih, and Ahmad Rezy Meidina. “Negotiating Gender Roles: The Shift of Wives Role as the Main Breadwinners in Wijirejo Village, Indonesia.” YUDISIA: Jurnal Pemikiran Hukum dan Hukum Islam 16, no. 2 (2025): 215-236. http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/yudisia.v16i2.28517
Nofiyanti, Tike Putri, Husni Kamaludin, and St. Umrah. “Kewajiban Nafkah dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam dan Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan.” Muadalah: Jurnal Hukum 2, no. 2 (2022): 161-170. https://doi.org/10.47945/muadalah.v2i2.761
Pribadi, Muhammad Shidqi, and Teguh Dwi Cahyadi. “Peran Istri sebagai Pencari Nafkah dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam.” Hakam: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam dan Hukum Ekonomi 9, no. 2 (2025): 195-211. https://doi.org/10.33650/jhi.v9i2.11992
Rahmatillah, Nor Annisa, and Ahmad. “The Application of Iddah Maintenance for a Nusyuz Wife in Religious Court Verdicts.” Al-Mujtahid: Journal of Islamic Family Law 5, no. 1 (2025): 64-71. http://dx.doi.org/10.30984/ajifl.v5i1.3710
Ramadhanisa, Meiyu Syahri, Arisman, and Muhammad Darwis. “Pemenuhan Nafkah terhadap Anak oleh Single Parent Perspektif Sosiologi Hukum Islam: Studi pada Masyarakat Bangkinang Kota.” Takuana: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sains, dan Humaniora 4, no. 2 (2025): 334-346. https://doi.org/10.56113/takuana.v4i2.161
Rofiq, Khoirun Nisa’ Binti Moch. “Peran Istri Sebagai Pencari Nafkah Dalam Perspektif Maqashid Syariah.” Minhaj: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah 6, no. 2 (2025): 250-264. https://doi.org/10.52431/minhaj.v6i2.3891
Romadhoni, Pratiwi Uly, Nadila Putri Pramesti, and Muhamad Sofian. “Dinamika Pembagian Peran Gender dan Kewajiban Nafkah dalam Keluarga Muslim Modern,” Prosiding Hukum Keluarga Islam (2025): 14-26. https://prosiding.stdiis.ac.id/index.php/hki/article/view/69.
Sagita, Insharie Amarylis, Rohmah Maulidia, and Lukman Santoso. “Repositioning Wives’ Roles in Urban Households: Social Support, Dual Burdens, and the Negotiation of Family Resilience.” Sakina: Journal of Family Studies 9, no. 4 (2025): 371-391. https://doi.org/10.18860/jfs.v9i4.19644
Sebyar, Muhamad Hasan, Anisa Anisa, Hadi Asrori, Sukiati Sukiati, and Moh Buny Andaru Bahy. “Revitalising Maskan during ʿIddah: A Fiqh Analysis of Contemporary Post-Divorce Challenges in Indonesia.” MILRev: Metro Islamic Law Review 5, no. 1 (2026): 150-177. https://doi.org/10.32332/milrev.v5i1.11534
Sugiyono. Metodologi Penelitian Kuantitatif. Bandung: Alfabeta, 2017.
Sukirman, Asrianti, Oyo Sunaryo Mukhlas, and Aden Rosadi. “Islamic Judicial Activism in Determining Child Maintenance.” Al-Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum Islam 10, no. 2 (2025): 671-699. https://doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v10i2.XXXX
Sutabri, Ahmad Gofur. “Kedudukan Nafkah dalam Hukum Keluarga Islam: Antara Tanggung Jawab dan Realitas Sosial,” Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam El-Qisth 8, no. 01 (2025): 32-38. https://doi.org/10.47759/zcje8g90
Syafitri, Nadya, Ramdani, and Ramziati. “Tanggung Jawab Nafkah Keluarga dari Istri Bekerja Menurut KHI.” Suloh: Jurnal Fakultas Hukum Universitas Malikussaleh 10, no. 2 (2022): 313-339. https://doi.org/10.29103/sjp.v10i2.5992
Thubany, Syamsul Hadi. “Pengaruh Pendidikan terhadap Kehidupan Keluarga.” Jurnal Sosiologi Reflektif 8, no. 1 (2023): 237-267. https://ejournal.uin-suka.ac.id/isoshum/index.php/sosiologireflektif/article/view/1086
Umar, Fazlon. “Pandangan Hukum Islam Tentang Peran Istri dalam Mencari Nafkah.” Ameena Journal 2 no. 3 (2024): 269-279. https://doi.org/10.63732/aij.v2i3.69
Yasin, Ahmad Alamuddin. Transformasi Nafkah Keluarga Muslim Dalam Perspektif Maqashid Syariah. CV Brimedia Global, 2024.
2. Interviews
I1, a wife, 33 years old, housewife
I2, a wife, 35 years old, private employee
I3, a wife, 37 years old, teacher
I4, a wife, 32 years old, trader
I5, a wife, 34 years old, civil servant
I6, a wife, 30 years old, professional (private)
S1, a husband, 35 years old, private employee
S2, a husband, 40 years old, trader
S3, a husband, 38 years old, daily laborer
S4, a husband, 42 years old, self-employed
S5, a husband, 36 years old, civil servant
S6, a husband, 34 years old, professional (private)