Hamka's Philosophy of Ḥikmah in Tafsīr al-Azhar: Addressing the Crisis of Adab in Muslim Societies
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Mar 8, 2025
Keywords:
Adab Crisis, Ḥikmah, Hamka, Spiritual Intellegence, Tafsīr al-Azhar
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Abstract
Courtesy or adab is crucial in human life as it influences many other aspects. Addressing the current adab crisis is essential to fostering a civilized society. One solution to this crisis is the application of wisdom (ḥikmah). This research analyzes Hamkas thoughts on resolving the adab crisis through ḥikmah. The study employs a literature review method with a content analysis approach, utilizing data from Hamka’s works and books, especially Tafsīr al-Azhar, and journals related to his thoughts. Data analysis involved three steps: compare, contrast, and critique. The research reveals that Hamka defines wisdom as the result of thinking that develops through deep experience and practice, which guides individuals toward truth and wisdom in living life. Hamka proposes three main approaches to obtaining wisdom: understanding the Qur’ān deeply, thinking critically, and emulating good behavior. As a solution to the crisis of adab, he emphasizes strengthening spiritual intelligence, which consists of seven main aspects: al-rūḥ, al-qalb, al-nafs, al-’aql, īmān, ‘ibādah, and adab. This study argues that spiritual intelligence is considered fundamental in maintaining mental health and forming the character of civilized and integral individuals.
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Trisnani, Asif, Muhammad Thoriqul Islam, and Elit Ave Hidayatullah. “Hamka’s Philosophy of Ḥikmah in Tafsīr Al-Azhar: Addressing the Crisis of Adab in Muslim Societies”. Islamica: Jurnal Studi Keislaman 19, no. 2 (March 8, 2025): 296-320. Accessed February 20, 2026. https://islamica.uinsa.ac.id/index.php/islamica/article/view/1162.
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References
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Gaukroger, Jane. Cultivating Wisdom: A Collection of Essays for Leaders and Organisation Developers, 1st edition. London: United Kingdom, 2020.
al-Ghazālī, Abū Ḥamid. Iḥyā’ ‘Ulūm al-Dīn, 2nd edition. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmīyah, 2011.
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Harrison, Victoria S. “Realigning Philosophy and Wisdom in the 21st Century.” Algemeen Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Wijsbegeerte 112, no. 3 (2020): 325-340. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5117/ANTW2020.3.006.HARR
Heriyanto. “Thematic Analysis Sebagai Metode Menganalisa Data untuk Penelitian Kualitatif.” Anuva 2, no. 3 (2018): 317. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/anuva.2.3.317-324
Hidayatullah, Elit Ave, and Syamsuddin Arif. “Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas’ Exposition on the Concept of Ethics.” Afkar 24, no. 1 (2022): 409-46. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22452/afkar.vol24no1.12
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Islam, Muhammad Thoriqul et al. “An Analysis of KH. Ahmad Dahlan’s Thought in Islamic Education and Its Relevance in 21st-Century Learning.” Tarbawi Ngabar: Jurnal of Education 6, no. 1 (2025): 1-37.
Islam, Muhammad Thoriqul, and Elvan Tedio Fawaz. “Islamization of Knowledge in Qur’anic Perspective.” Studia Quranika: Jurnal Studi Quran 2, no. 1 (2017): 23-38. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21111/studiquran.v2i1.1132
Islam, Muhammad Thoriqul, and Khoiruddin Nasution. “The Meaning of Suhbah Tijaniyah Tariqa in Building Adab.” Al-Hayat: Journal of Islamic Education 8, no. 2 (2024): 421-32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35723/ajie.v8i2.450
Islam, Muhammad Thoriqul, Fatma Amelia, Moh Ulul Azmi, Safiruddin Al Baqi, Sulton Muzakki, Ida Nur Oktaviani, Dwiana Novitasari, and Ummu Habibah. “The Advantages of the Uswah Hasanah Method in the Perspective of Q.S. Al-Ahzab Verse 21: Conceptual Analysis and Implementation.” Paedagogia: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan 28, no. 1 (2025): 103-13.
Islam, Muhammad Thoriqul, Muhammad Miftah, and Nawa Marjany. “Dhuha Prayer as A Solution in Implementing Morals at MTs Lailatul Qadar Sukoharjo.” Jurnal Pendidikan: Riset & Konseptual 8, no. 1 (2024): 64-69. DOI: https://doi.org/10.28926/riset_konseptual.v8i1.948
Islam, Muhammad Thoriqul. “Islamisasi Ilmu Berbasis Ta’dib Terhadap Pendidikan Islam Menurut Perspektif Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas.” In International Conference on Indonesian Islam, Education and Science International Conference on Indonesian Islam, Education and Science (ICIIES): The Prospects and Challenges in the East and the West (2017), 406-415.
Islam, Muhammad Thoriqul. “Theory and Application of Suhbah in Building Adab from Tijaniyah Tariqa Perspective.” Fahima: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kajian Keislaman 2, no. 2 (2023): 157-176. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54622/fahima.v2i2.123
Ja’far. Gerbang-Gerbang Hikmah: Pengantar Filsafat Islam. Banda Aceh: Pena, 2011.
Jamarudin, Ade, H Asmal May, and Ofa Ch Pudin. “The Prospect of Human in The Exegetical Work: A Study of Buya Hamka’s Tafsir Al-Azhar.” Ulumuna 23, no. 1 (2019): 24-47. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20414/ujis.v23i1.360
al-Jawzīyah, Ibn al-Qayyim. Madārij al-Sālikin bayn Manāzil Iyyāk Na‘bud wa Iyyāk Nasta‘īn, Juz 3. Riyadh: Dār al-Ṣāmi‘ī li al-Naṣr wa al-Tawzī‘, 2011.
Kaili Zhang, Juan Shi, Fengyan Wang, and Michel Ferrari. “Wisdom: Meaning, Structure, Types, Arguments, and Future Concerns.” Current Psychology 42, no. 18 (2023): 15030-15051. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-02816-6
Kurhade, Chhaya Shantaram, Aarti Jagannathan, Shivarama Varambally, and Sushrutha Shivanna. “Religion-Based Interventions for Mental Health Disorders: A Systematic Review.” Journal of Applied Consciousness Studies 10, no. 1 (2022): 20-33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/ijoyppp.ijoyppp_14_21
Lohja, Edin. Sayyid Qutb and Qur’anic Method of Exhortation, 1st edition. Malaysia: IIUM Malaysia, 2020.
Ma’luf, Fr. Louis, and Fr. Bernard Tottel Al-Yassu’i. al-Munjid fī Lughah wa al-A‘lām, 1st edition. Beirut: Dār al-Mechreq sarl, 2008.
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Massingham, Peter. “An Aristotelian Interpretation of Practical Wisdom: The Case of Retirees.” Palgrave Communications 5, no. 123 (2019): 1-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-019-0331-9
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