The Identity of Political Islam in a Democratic Regime: The Ideology of the Prosperious Justice Party (PKS), Indonesia and the Justice and Development Party (AKP), Turkey
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study focuses on the identity and ideological orientation of two Islamic political parties, as well as their steps towards ideological moderation and specific electoral strategies within the political landscapes of two different countries. This is a library-based research that explores the identity of political Islam ideology in secular democracies, utilizing a combination of historical and political approaches. The sources include literature and writings about political Islam groups in Indonesia and Turkey, specifically PKS and AKP, derived from reputable books and scholarly articles. The study concludes that both PKS and AKP are moderate in ideology and politics. PKS, especially in post-New Order, transformed through moderation and inclusion, maintaining its Islamist identity while forming coalitions with nationalist parties for survival. Meanwhile, AKP combines moderate Islamism with conservative democracy, though Erdogan’s dominant leadership tends toward authoritarianism.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
Article Details
How to Cite
Fuad, Ahmad Nur, Hammis Syafaq, and Rofhani Rofhani. “The Identity of Political Islam in a Democratic Regime: The Ideology of the Prosperious Justice Party (PKS), Indonesia and the Justice and Development Party (AKP), Turkey”. Islamica: Jurnal Studi Keislaman 20, no. 2 (March 10, 2026): 185-211. Accessed March 25, 2026. https://islamica.uinsa.ac.id/index.php/islamica/article/view/1150.
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
References
Adiwilaga, Rendy. “Gerakan Islam Politik Dan Proyek Historis Penegakan Islamisme di Indonesia.” Jurnal Wacana Politik 2, no. 1 (2017): 1-9. https://doi.org/10.24198/jwp.v2i1.11373.
Ahmad, Feroz. The Making of Modern Turkey. London: Routledge, 1993.
Baser, Bahar and Ahmet Erdi Ozturk. “In Lieu of an Introduction: Is It Curtains for Turkish Democracy?” In Authoritarian Politics in Turkey: Elections, Resistance and the AKP, eds. Bahar Baser dan Ahmet Erdi Ozturk. London and New York: IB Tauris, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350985438.ch-001.
Bubalo, Anthony, Greg Fealy, and Whit Mason. PKS dan Kemba-rannya: Bergiat Jadi Demokrat di Indonesia, Mesir dan Turki. Jakar-ta: Komunitas Bambu, 2012.
Buehler, Michael. “Revisiting the Inclusion-Moderation Thesis in the Context of Decentralized Institutions: The Behavior of Indonesia’s Prosperous Justice Party in National and Local Politics.” Party Politics 19, no. 2 (2012): 210-229. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068812462933.
Cinar, Menderes. “From Moderation To De-moderation: Demo-cratic Backsliding of the AKP in Turkey.” In Muslim Reformers in Iran and Turkey: The Paradox of Moderation, eds. John L Esposito, Rahim Lili Zubaidah, Naser Ghobadzadeh, Güneş Murat Tezcür. Austin: The University of Texs Press, 2010.
-----. “From Moderation To De-moderation: Democratic Backsliding of the AKP in Turkey.” In The Politics of Islamism: Diverging Visions and Trajectories, eds. John L. Esposito, Rahim Lili Zubaidah, and Naser Ghobadzadeh. Sydney: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62256-9_5.
Cizre, Umit. Secular and Islamic Politics in Turkey: The Making of the Justice and Development Party. London and New York: Routledge, 2008. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203937334.
Eligur, Banu. The Mobilization of Political Islam In Turkey. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010.
Fealy, Greg. “Indonesian Politics in 2012: Graft, Intolerance, and Hope of Change in the Late Yudhoyono Period.” In Southeast Asian Affairs, ed. Daljit Singh. Singapore: ISEAS, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1355/aa13-1h.
Hamayotsu, Kikue. “The End of Political Islam? A Comparative Analysis of Religious Parties in the Muslim Democracy of In-donesia.” Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs 3 (2011): 133-159. https://doi.org/10.1177/186810341103000305.
Hasan, Noorhaidi. “Islamist Party, Electoral Politics and Da‘wah Mobilization Among Youth: The Prosperous Justice Party (PKS) in Indonesia.” Journal of Indonesian Islam 6, no. 1 (2012): 17-47. https://doi.org/10.15642/JIIS.2012.6.1.17-47.
Hosen, Nadirsyah. “Religion And Indonesian Constitution: A Re-cent Debate.” Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 36, no. 3 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022463405000238.
https://beritaturki.com/milli-gorus-necmettin-erbakan-dan-islamisme-turki/ (accessed 26 July 2021).
Liddle, R. William. “The Islamic Turn in Indonesia: A Political Explanation.” The Journal of Asian Studies 55, no. 3 (1996): 613-634.
Müftüler-Baç, Meltem and E. Fuat Keyman. “Turkey Under the AKP: The Era of Dominant-Party Politics.” Journal of Demo-cracy 23, no. 1 (2012): 85-99. https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2012.0000.
Muhtadi, Burhanuddin. Dilema PKS: Suara dan Syari’ah. Jakarta: Kepustakaan Gramedia; 2012.
Noor, Firman. “Moderate Islamic Fundamentalism: Understanding The Political Thinking of The Partai Keadilan Sejahtera.” Studia Islamika 14, no. 3 (2007), 447. https://doi.org/10.15408/sdi.v14i3.546.
Pribadi, Airlangga. “Kebangkitan Politik Identitas Islam di Tengah Gelombang Demokrasi: Studi Kasus Pemikiran Politik Partai Keadilan Sejahtera.” In Membaca Indonesia, eds. Soegeng Sarjadi and Sukardi Rinakit. Jakarta: Soegeng Sarjadi Syndicate, 2005.
Qodir, Zuly. HTI dan PKS Menuai Kritik: Perilaku Gerakan Islam Politik Indonesia. Yogyakarta: Jusuf Kalla School of Govern-ment, 2013.
Ridha, Abu. Politik Tegak Lurus PKS. Solo: PT. Era Adicitra Intermedia, 2018.
Rofhani and Ahmad Nur Fuad. “Moderating Anti-Feminism: Islamism and Women Candidates in the Prosperous Justice Party (PKS).” Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs 40, no. 1 (2021): 156-173. https://doi.org/10.1177/1868103421989076.
Roy, Olivier. The Failure of Political Islam. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1994.
Syahminan. “Pemikiran dan Gerakan Politik Islam di Indonesia.” Jurnal Politeia 4, no.1 (January 2012), 1-11.
Taskin, Yuksel. “Hegemonizing Conservative Democracy and the Problems of Democratization in Turkey: Conservatism Without Democrats?” Turkish Studies 14, no. 2 (2013): 293. https://doi.org/10.1080/14683849.2013.802905.
Tezcür, Güneş Murat. Muslim Reformers in Iran and Turkey: The Paradox of Moderation. Austin: The University of Texs Press, 2010.
Tomsa, Dirk. “Moderating Islamism in Indonesia: Tracing Patterns of Party Change in the Prosperous Justice Party.” Political Research Quarterly 65, No.3 (2012): 486-498. https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912911404566.
Woodward, Mark et.al. “Getting Culture: A New Path for Indonesia’s Islamist Justice and Prosperity Party.” Contemporary Islam 7 (2013): 173-189. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11562-012-0187-x.
Yavuz, M. Hakan and Erdi Ozturk. “Turkish Secularism and Islam Under the Reign of Erdogan.” Shoutheast European and Black Sea Studies 19, no. 1 (2019): 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/14683857.2019.1580828.
-----. “Islamic Political Identity in Turkey-Religion and Global Politics.” Southeast European and Black Sea Studies 19, no.1 (2019): 258.
-----. Secularism and Muslim Democracy in Turkey. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511815089.
Yesilada, Birol A. “The Future of Erdogan and the AKP.” Turkish Studies 17, no. 1 (2016): 19-30. https://doi.org/10.1080/14683849.2015.1136089.
Ahmad, Feroz. The Making of Modern Turkey. London: Routledge, 1993.
Baser, Bahar and Ahmet Erdi Ozturk. “In Lieu of an Introduction: Is It Curtains for Turkish Democracy?” In Authoritarian Politics in Turkey: Elections, Resistance and the AKP, eds. Bahar Baser dan Ahmet Erdi Ozturk. London and New York: IB Tauris, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350985438.ch-001.
Bubalo, Anthony, Greg Fealy, and Whit Mason. PKS dan Kemba-rannya: Bergiat Jadi Demokrat di Indonesia, Mesir dan Turki. Jakar-ta: Komunitas Bambu, 2012.
Buehler, Michael. “Revisiting the Inclusion-Moderation Thesis in the Context of Decentralized Institutions: The Behavior of Indonesia’s Prosperous Justice Party in National and Local Politics.” Party Politics 19, no. 2 (2012): 210-229. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068812462933.
Cinar, Menderes. “From Moderation To De-moderation: Demo-cratic Backsliding of the AKP in Turkey.” In Muslim Reformers in Iran and Turkey: The Paradox of Moderation, eds. John L Esposito, Rahim Lili Zubaidah, Naser Ghobadzadeh, Güneş Murat Tezcür. Austin: The University of Texs Press, 2010.
-----. “From Moderation To De-moderation: Democratic Backsliding of the AKP in Turkey.” In The Politics of Islamism: Diverging Visions and Trajectories, eds. John L. Esposito, Rahim Lili Zubaidah, and Naser Ghobadzadeh. Sydney: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62256-9_5.
Cizre, Umit. Secular and Islamic Politics in Turkey: The Making of the Justice and Development Party. London and New York: Routledge, 2008. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203937334.
Eligur, Banu. The Mobilization of Political Islam In Turkey. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010.
Fealy, Greg. “Indonesian Politics in 2012: Graft, Intolerance, and Hope of Change in the Late Yudhoyono Period.” In Southeast Asian Affairs, ed. Daljit Singh. Singapore: ISEAS, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1355/aa13-1h.
Hamayotsu, Kikue. “The End of Political Islam? A Comparative Analysis of Religious Parties in the Muslim Democracy of In-donesia.” Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs 3 (2011): 133-159. https://doi.org/10.1177/186810341103000305.
Hasan, Noorhaidi. “Islamist Party, Electoral Politics and Da‘wah Mobilization Among Youth: The Prosperous Justice Party (PKS) in Indonesia.” Journal of Indonesian Islam 6, no. 1 (2012): 17-47. https://doi.org/10.15642/JIIS.2012.6.1.17-47.
Hosen, Nadirsyah. “Religion And Indonesian Constitution: A Re-cent Debate.” Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 36, no. 3 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022463405000238.
https://beritaturki.com/milli-gorus-necmettin-erbakan-dan-islamisme-turki/ (accessed 26 July 2021).
Liddle, R. William. “The Islamic Turn in Indonesia: A Political Explanation.” The Journal of Asian Studies 55, no. 3 (1996): 613-634.
Müftüler-Baç, Meltem and E. Fuat Keyman. “Turkey Under the AKP: The Era of Dominant-Party Politics.” Journal of Demo-cracy 23, no. 1 (2012): 85-99. https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2012.0000.
Muhtadi, Burhanuddin. Dilema PKS: Suara dan Syari’ah. Jakarta: Kepustakaan Gramedia; 2012.
Noor, Firman. “Moderate Islamic Fundamentalism: Understanding The Political Thinking of The Partai Keadilan Sejahtera.” Studia Islamika 14, no. 3 (2007), 447. https://doi.org/10.15408/sdi.v14i3.546.
Pribadi, Airlangga. “Kebangkitan Politik Identitas Islam di Tengah Gelombang Demokrasi: Studi Kasus Pemikiran Politik Partai Keadilan Sejahtera.” In Membaca Indonesia, eds. Soegeng Sarjadi and Sukardi Rinakit. Jakarta: Soegeng Sarjadi Syndicate, 2005.
Qodir, Zuly. HTI dan PKS Menuai Kritik: Perilaku Gerakan Islam Politik Indonesia. Yogyakarta: Jusuf Kalla School of Govern-ment, 2013.
Ridha, Abu. Politik Tegak Lurus PKS. Solo: PT. Era Adicitra Intermedia, 2018.
Rofhani and Ahmad Nur Fuad. “Moderating Anti-Feminism: Islamism and Women Candidates in the Prosperous Justice Party (PKS).” Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs 40, no. 1 (2021): 156-173. https://doi.org/10.1177/1868103421989076.
Roy, Olivier. The Failure of Political Islam. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1994.
Syahminan. “Pemikiran dan Gerakan Politik Islam di Indonesia.” Jurnal Politeia 4, no.1 (January 2012), 1-11.
Taskin, Yuksel. “Hegemonizing Conservative Democracy and the Problems of Democratization in Turkey: Conservatism Without Democrats?” Turkish Studies 14, no. 2 (2013): 293. https://doi.org/10.1080/14683849.2013.802905.
Tezcür, Güneş Murat. Muslim Reformers in Iran and Turkey: The Paradox of Moderation. Austin: The University of Texs Press, 2010.
Tomsa, Dirk. “Moderating Islamism in Indonesia: Tracing Patterns of Party Change in the Prosperous Justice Party.” Political Research Quarterly 65, No.3 (2012): 486-498. https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912911404566.
Woodward, Mark et.al. “Getting Culture: A New Path for Indonesia’s Islamist Justice and Prosperity Party.” Contemporary Islam 7 (2013): 173-189. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11562-012-0187-x.
Yavuz, M. Hakan and Erdi Ozturk. “Turkish Secularism and Islam Under the Reign of Erdogan.” Shoutheast European and Black Sea Studies 19, no. 1 (2019): 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/14683857.2019.1580828.
-----. “Islamic Political Identity in Turkey-Religion and Global Politics.” Southeast European and Black Sea Studies 19, no.1 (2019): 258.
-----. Secularism and Muslim Democracy in Turkey. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511815089.
Yesilada, Birol A. “The Future of Erdogan and the AKP.” Turkish Studies 17, no. 1 (2016): 19-30. https://doi.org/10.1080/14683849.2015.1136089.